Gilbert Gee and Annie Ro depict systemic racism as the hidden base of an iceberg 10 (see illustration in online appendix exhibit 1). 11 The iceberg’s visible part represents the overt racism that ...

As of 2015, only 8 percent of US adults ages thirty-five and older had received all of the high-priority, appropriate clinical preventive services recommended for them. Nearly 5 percent of adults did ...