While the latter two are impossible to visualize outside of science fiction, Kardashev believed that being a Type 1 civilization is within human reach. We’re more like Type Zero now, and ...

"Some civilizations may prioritize exploration in physical distance without ever needing to expand their energy consumption to Kardashev Type I or Type II scales. Other civilizations may focus on ...

His work makes some big assumptions that may not be justified, but this specific type of cosmology ... thought exercise, the Kardashev scale, tries to turn civilizations with Dyson spheres and ...