The first major test of Donald Trump’s influence on the affairs of a longtime U.S. ally went badly. The U.S. president’s attacks on Canadian sovereignty outraged voters while the trade war he launched threatened to upend the economy of a nation dependent on U.

Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney, who replaced Justin Trudeau, will keep his post as Canadians signal their persistent defiance of the U.S. president’s rhetoric.

MISSISSAUGA, Ontario — Donald Trump cast a long shadow over Canada’s national election — and many Canadian voters noticed. In his first 100 days back in the White House, the U.S. president has lobbed barbs at America’s northern neighbor, levied tariffs on Canadian goods and talked about making Canada the 51st state .