Pataskala is a city in Licking County, Ohio, United States, approximately 19 miles east of Columbus. The population was 17,886 at the 2020 c…Pataskala is a city in Licking County, Ohio, United States, approximately 19 miles east of Columbus. The population was 17,886 at the 2020 census. Pataskala was a small community until 1996, when what was then the village of Pataskala merged with Lima Township, vastly increasing its population and geographic area.